Knee Replacement
Knee replacement, also known as total knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which a damaged or diseased knee joint is replaced with an artificial joint, called a prosthesis. This procedure is typically performed to relieve severe knee pain and improve knee function in individuals with advanced osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other conditions that have led to significant knee joint degeneration.
Total Knee Replacement (TKR): This is the most common type of knee replacement surgery. In a total knee replacement, all three compartments of the knee joint are replaced with artificial components. The damaged femoral condyles, tibial plateau, and the undersurface of the patella are replaced with metal and plastic components.
Symptoms
- Persistent Knee Pain: Chronic and persistent knee pain is one of the most common symptoms that may indicate the need for knee replacement. The pain may be present even at rest and may worsen with activity or weight-bearing.
- Swelling and Inflammation: Inflammation and swelling around the knee joint are typical symptoms of knee problems. The knee may appear swollen, feel warm to the touch, and become stiff and difficult to move.
- Limited Range of Motion: As the knee joint degenerates, the range of motion becomes restricted. Patients may have difficulty bending or straightening their knee fully.
- Stiffness and Crepitus: The knee joint may feel stiff and rigid, especially after periods of inactivity. Crepitus, a crackling or grinding sensation in the knee joint during movement, can also be experienced.
- Instability and Weakness: A damaged knee joint may lead to feelings of instability and weakness in the leg. Patients may find it challenging to bear weight on the affected knee.
- Reduced Quality of Life: The pain and limitations caused by a degenerated knee joint can significantly impact a person’s quality of life, making it difficult to perform daily activities, walk, climb stairs, or engage in hobbies.
Treatment
Pre-operative Evaluation: Before undergoing knee replacement surgery, the patient undergoes a thorough evaluation by the orthopedic surgeon.
Surgical Procedure: Knee replacement surgery is performed under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia. During the surgery, the orthopedic surgeon removes the damaged surfaces of the knee joint, including the femoral condyles and tibial plateau. The surfaces are then replaced with metal components (usually cobalt-chromium or titanium) and a plastic (polyethylene) spacer,
Rehabilitation: . Physical therapy plays a crucial role in the recovery process and focuses on regaining strength, flexibility, and mobility in the knee joint. The rehabilitation program is tailored to the individual’s specific needs and recovery progress.
Pain Management: Pain management is a critical aspect of knee replacement treatment. Patients are provided with pain medications to manage post-operative discomfort. As the recovery progresses, pain medications are gradually reduced or discontinued.
Assistive Devices: During the initial stages of recovery, patients may use assistive devices, such as crutches or a walker, to aid in walking and weight-bearing.
Precautions
- Avoid Stairs: Limit stair climbing during the initial recovery phase. If you have to use stairs, do so cautiously and with support.
- Posture and Body Mechanics: Practice good posture and body mechanics when sitting, standing, or moving to avoid strain on the knee joint.
- Elevate and Ice: Elevate your leg and apply ice packs to the surgical area as recommended by your healthcare team. This can help reduce swelling and discomfort.
- Avoid Twisting and Pivoting: Minimize twisting and pivoting movements, as these actions can stress the new knee joint. Instead, use small steps to turn and change direction.
- Pain Management: Take pain medications as prescribed by your surgeon to manage post-operative pain effectively. Don’t wait for the pain to become severe before taking medication.
- Avoid Crossing Legs: Refrain from crossing your legs, as this can place strain on the knee joint and impede proper healing.